Asthma

Types of Asthma Medication

Relievers

Relievers, also known as short-acting bronchodilators, provide immediate relief from mild to moderate chest tightness. They are usually in a white or blue inhaler and may need to be used several times a day as their effect wears off.
Salbutamol, a beta-2 agonist, is the most common reliever that relaxes the smooth muscles around the airways.

Preventers

Preventers are typically inhaled corticosteroids, not anabolic steroids. They reduce airway inflammation and provide long-term control. These inhalers, often beige or brown, are usually used twice daily. While the effects are slower to notice than relievers, preventers help prevent asthma attacks and maintain stable lung function.

Causes of Asthma

Asthma arises from inflammation in the bronchi, the small airways in the lungs. Inflamed bronchi become highly sensitive, making muscles around the airways tighten and produce sticky mucus, which narrows the airways further.

Common triggers include:

• Cigarette smoke
• Dust mites or household dust
• Pollen
• Viral infections (e.g., colds, flu)
• Pet fur and dander
• Exercise
• Chemicals or allergens in home or workplace environments

Symptoms of Asthma

Asthma symptoms vary in severity but commonly include:

• Wheezing
• Coughing
• Shortness of breath
• Difficulty taking a deep breath
• Chest tightness

Symptoms can appear suddenly or gradually, often triggered by exercise, allergens, or respiratory infections. This is known as an asthma attack. Additional symptoms may include:

• Perspiration
• Dizziness
• Blue lips or fingers
• Rapid heartbeat
• Fainting

Overview of Treatment

Inhalers are safe and effective for mild to moderate asthma, delivering medication directly to the airways with minimal systemic effects. A spacer device can improve delivery, particularly for children or patients who struggle with inhaler technique. Nebulisers are also available for inhaled medications.

Other Medications

For difficult-to-control asthma, options include higher doses of inhaled steroids or adding a long-acting beta agonist (LABA) in combination inhalers. Short courses of oral steroids may be used during severe attacks. Emerging treatments include immunomodulatory drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies targeting IgE-mediated allergic reactions.

Asthma Care at Medical Express Clinic

At Medical Express Clinic, asthma treatment is personalised to each patient. Our comprehensive care package includes:

• Enhanced pre-assessment
• Treatment by experienced healthcare professionals
• Personalised aftercare and follow-up