Ear Infections

Causes of Ear Infections

The middle ear, the space behind the eardrum, is filled with air and contains three small bones that conduct sound from the eardrum to the inner ear. This space is connected to the throat through the Eustachian tube.

When a cold or similar infection occurs, fluid or pus can accumulate in the middle ear, causing inflammation and swelling that prevents proper drainage. Trapped fluid allows bacteria or viruses to grow, leading to an ear infection.

Other causes of ear infections include:

• Swimming or water trapped in the ear
• Allergies
• Insertion of cotton buds or objects into the ear
• Treatments for ear wax removal or eczema

Symptoms of Ear Infections

Symptoms vary depending on whether the infection affects the outer, middle, or inner ear.

Inner Ear Infections

• Vomiting and nausea
• Dizziness
• Ear pain

Inner ear infections may indicate inflammation of deeper tissues and, in some cases, a more serious condition like meningitis.

Middle Ear Infections

• Reduced hearing
• Fever
• Fluid drainage from the ear
• Earache
• Feeling of fullness in the ear

Middle ear infections, also called Otitis Media, occur when fluid is trapped behind the eardrum, causing a bulge and pain.

Outer Ear Infections

• Swelling
• Redness
• Itchy rash
• Tenderness and pain

Outer ear infections, also called Otitis Externa, affect the ear canal between the ear lobe and the eardrum.

Treatment for Ear Infections

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the infection:

Outer Ear Infection

Typically involves cleaning the ear canal to remove debris and pus, followed by ear drops. Severe swelling may require a wick to administer drops. Oral antibiotics are usually not necessary.

Middle Ear Infection

Often requires oral antibiotics and, in some cases, drainage under anaesthetic to relieve pressure and infection.

Inner Ear Infection

Usually caused by viral infections. Symptoms can resolve on their own but may take several weeks to fully improve.